I would argue that one could not trace “felons” origin any farther back than the book of genesis. And i would also argue that felon and fallen are a much closer match compared to felon and "fellonem/fillo/filljo.
Are you just basing this on the fact that felon and fallen sound like each other?
If you ask me, the fact that Old French has not only the word felon, but also felonie (meaning “felony”) makes that part of its origin pretty clear. Tracing it back beyond that point is the question. But arguments tracing its origins to the use of “fallen” in the Bible seem specious, as Old French felon predates the earliest English translations of the Bible.
So, yes, you can trace “felon” back farther than the English-language versions of the Book of Genesis.